Insight of What is Happening in Sudan?

 

Background

Sudan, the third largest country in Africa by area, and the third largest country by area in the Arab league was ruled by Omar AL Bashir for almost 3 decades, he came to power in 1989 after a successful coup against prime minister Sadiq Al Mahdi and since then, the country dwelled 30 years long military dictatorship under Omar.

In February 2003, Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) started a revolution against al Bashir of whom they accused of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in Darfur, the conflict which ignited between SLM rebels and the government ended up being one of the deadliest ethnic genocides and persecutions in the world.    

Omar al Bashir was alleged of being the orchestrator of the Darfur conflict that erupted in February 2003 by creating and empowering the Janjaweed army to crush down the rebellion in Darfur, Janjaweed later become the Rapid Support Force (RSF) who committed one of the worst war crimes, AL Bashir was accused of human rights violations including torture, ethnic genocide, persecution of minorities. REFF {1}

Despite the conflict in the western regions and some parts of the south such as oil rich region of Abyei, the country managed to develop economically by becoming one of the fastest growing economies in the region.

24^th may 2010, the New York times published an article about the booming economy of Sudan which become the 17^th fastest growing economy in the world, regardless of the US sanctions which were imposed due to the atrocities committed in Darfur, the economy was in rapid peak because of the oil production in the oilfields of southern Sudan, 70 percent of the oil production was coming from southern parts of the country REFF {2}

according to a World Bank report the overall growth in GDP in 2010 was 5.2 percent compared to 2009 growth of 4.2 percent REFF {3}.

In 2011, after the secession of South Sudan from the north, the country experienced a devastating economic nightmares and recession inflation.

19^th  December 2018, Sudan witnessed massive protests against Al Bashir, the protests started in the streets of Khartoum (the capital city), they demanded for better and urgent economic reforms, but later the protest turned from the request of economic reforms into the request of the resignation of president Omar Al Bashir in the response of his long-time dictatorship that they believed it is the core root of the recurrent inflations and lack of development throughout the country.

 

2019 Sudanese coup d'état   

Lieutenant general Ahmed Awdal Ibnu Auf who was also both the vice president and the defense minister of Sudan become the defacto head of state after a successful coup d'état, he immediately declared 3 months state of emergency and promised the country to move from the transitional state within 2 years, he dissolved the cabinet and the national legislative bord.

General Ahmed suspended the country’s constitution and imposed night curfew from 10pm to 4am, he also released all the political prisoners mainly the anti-Bashir prisoners.

The Sudanese people demanded from general Ahmed to extradite Omar al Bashir to the international criminal court.

Lieutenant General Ahmed Awdal decided to transfer the power into the hands of civil rule by conducting negotiations to form a government with in short time.

On the evening of 12 April 2019, he stepped down as the head of the military council and appointed Lieutenant general Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan as his successor,

13^th April, next day of his appointment as the head of the military he ordered to lift the night curfew and also released all the prisoners who were arrested under the emergency state which was imposed by his predecessor General Ahmad.

On 14 April, the military council announced the protestors to nominate a civilian prime minister who will take over the power and start the transition of power from the military to the civilians.

On 15 April the African Union gave the military council a deadline of 15 days to construct a civilian government and if they do not comply with the orders of AU, Sudan will lose its seat and membership in the African union REFF {4}

After long dispute between the civil represented by Force of Freedom and Change (FFC) and the military which caused many formidable military persons to resign.

 finally on 27^th April, the military and the FFC created a joint council that was supposed to restore a transitional government led by the civilian, the lack of a definite power sharing agreement between the civil transitional government (to be formed) and the military, every party wanted and strived to be the majority.

The protest continued and caused many civilian casualties by the hands of the RSF,

at least 100 civilians were killed in these protests, in this time span, the rape was also at its highest peak REFF {5}.

 The successor of the Janjaweed who later become RSF used heavy gunfire and teargases to disperse the protest, it was sadly reported that at least 40 bodies were thrown to the river Nile.

On 12^th June 2019, the Sudanese doctor’s syndicate published the names of 104 people who were killed on 3^rd June or the following days including 12 children, mostly they were shot, some were stabbed, others were burned and even some of them, their skulls crushed down on the streets by the pickup trucks of the Janjaweed army (see the details in the bottom page).    

On 6^th June, the peace and security department of the African Union issued a statement in which they suspended Sudan from participating the activities of the AU, until Sudan establishes an effective government which is led by the civilians.

On 17^th July 2019, both parties agreed to limit the transition period on 39 months, they also formed a committee of 11 members, 6 members from the civilians and 5 members from the military officials to lead the three years transitional period and finally conduct a general election in mid-2022.

 

From power struggle to bloodshed

The army insisted RSF to integrate into the army with 2 years as part of the transition process, but the RSF wants 10 years’ time to integrate into the army, the army accused the RSF delaying the transition process and deploying and recruiting new military personal in to their army which the military said it will create violence in the country.

The army says, they are prepared and committed to form a civilian government through national election despite the dispute between the army and their former ally.

the Rapid Support Force is commanded by General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo locally know as Hemmedti or the little Mohammed, he is the deputy leader of the Sudan’s ruling sovereign council.

Dagalo was a camel trader who was born in Darfur, Dagaalo came to power 4 months after the military coup that ousted Al Bashir from the power, he was appointed as the vice chairman of the joint council between the military and civil that was led by Al Burhan, the council was established to temporarily lead the country into a national democratic election within three years.

The singing of a new transition agreement between the pro-government military and the RSF was supposed to be signed on 1^st April 2023, it was delayed due to the contention of the integration of RSF in to the army within two years.    

The Sudan’s army forces who are loyal to General Abdelfattah AL Burhan and the Rapid Support Force (RSF) who are loyal to General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo exchanged heavy gunfire and artilleries in Khartoum in mid-April 2023.

The armed conflict between both sides started after RSF attacked key government sites including the airport and the national TV.

On 18^th April, a ceasefire was announced in the late evening but it was broken and the locals reported aircrafts flying over them and launching heavy shells on the RSF army sites, the RSF rebelled these attacks with anti-aircraft artilleries.

There were reported shortage of power supply, water supply and medical supply in the areas where fighting was intensified.

At least 559 people were killed REFF {6} and 4,000 others were injured REFF {7}

The intense clashes that erupted in the capital city also expanded into the other parts of the country, it has caused the lives of hundreds of civilians,

since last two weeks many countries including US, India and Somalia evacuated their citizens from Sudan.

The fighting still continues as of 3^rd May 3, 2023, and both armies are not willing to stop fighting and start peace talks to halt the war and restore the peaceful democratic transition process.

 

REFFERENCE  

{1} Omar Al-bashir fast facts CNN,10 December.

{2} Sudan economic outlook.

{3} The World Factbook. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency

{4}} ww.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 18 April 2019.

{5} a year later a Sudanese women raped in crack down (www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 3 June 2020.).

{6} CBS News. Retrieved 26 April 2023.}

{7} Aljazeera. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.}

 

No.	Name	Date of death	Age	Hospital	Cause of death
1	Abdel Salam Keisha Adel Salam	3 June	25	El Mualim Hospital	Gunshot
2	Mujtaba Salah Ahmed al-Hadi	3 June	No data	Sit-in Field Clinic	Gunshot
3	Ali Mohammed al-Noor	3 June	25	El Mualim Hospital	Gunshot
4	Said Mohammed Said	3 June	39	Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital	Gunshot
5	Mohammed Hashem Salah Matar (also: Mohamed Mattar)[44]	3 June	26	No data	Gunshot
6	Salah Uddin Said al-Dawleh Abdurrahman Ali Taha	3 June	26	El Mualim Hospital	Gunshot
7	Al-Numan Ragab Kafi	3 June	29	Bashair Teaching Hospital	Gunshot
8	Ahmed Mohammed Al-Faki	3 June	29	El Mualim Hospital	Gunshot
9	Faiza Ahmed Othman	3 June	60	Al Jawda Hospital	Gunshot
10	Murad al-Tijani Mohammed Haj al-Khader	3 June	6	Alazhari	Gunshot
11	Huzaifa Mohammed Abdullah	3 June	15	El Mualim Hospital	Gunshot
12	Burai Mutasem Saifuddin	3 June	18	Royal Care International Hospital	Gunshot
13	Faisal Abdel Aziz Abdullah	3 June	38	Royal Care International Hospital	Gunshot
14	Abbas Farah Abbas	3 June	27	Royal Care International Hospital	Gunshot
15	Ismail Ali Abdel Hadi	3 June	42	Royal Care International Hospital	Gunshot
16	Adam al-Doma	3 June	40	El Mualim Hospital	Gunshot
17	Mahmoud Abdullah al-Amir	3 June	22	Al-Arbaeen Specialized Hospital	Gunshot
18	Daw al-Beit Ibrahim Mokhtar	3 June	28	Armed Forces Hospital (Al-Silah Al-Tibi Hospital - Khartoum)	Gunshot
19	Othman Abdeen Mahmoud	3 June	28	Armed Forces Hospital (Al-Silah Al-Tibi Hospital - Khartoum)	Gunshot
20	Hanafi Abdel Shakour Hanafi	3 June	22	Armed Forces Hospital (Al-Silah Al-Tibi Hospital - Khartoum)	Skull crushed after being run over by pickup truck
21	Khater Hussien Khater	3 June	21	Al-Arbaeen Specialized Hospital	Gunshot
22	Othman Mohammed Qasem al-Said	3 June	20	Armed Forces Hospital (Al-Silah Al-Tibi Hospital - Khartoum)	Gunshot
23	Munzer Yousef al-Amin	3 June	28	Armed Forces Hospital (Al-Silah Al-Tibi Hospital - Khartoum)	Gunshot and crushed skull
24	Abdelwahab al-Said	3 June	54	Mohamed bin Saleh Al Rajhi Charity Hospital	Gunshot
25	Saad Mansour Abdeen	3 June	20	Libya Omdurman	Gunshot
26	Amro Ibrahim	3 June	25	Asia Hospital	Stabbed to death
27	Oday Bashir Noori	3 June	14	Al-Arbaeen Specialized Hospital	Gun
28	Walid Bakheet al-Taib	3 June	35	Armed Forces Hospital (Al-Silah Al-Tibi Hospital - Khartoum)	Gunshot
29	Ibrahim Musa	3 June	51	Armed Forces Hospital (Al-Silah Al-Tibi Hospital - Khartoum)	Body crushed after being run over by pickup truck
30	Othman Ibrahim Hussein	3 June	No data	Bashair Teaching Hospital	No data
31	Mudther Idris Mohammed Zein	3 June	26	Bashair Teaching Hospital	Gunshot
32	Eid Farouq Ahmed	3 June	32	Al Tamayoz Hospital	No data
33	Othman Hasab-Allah Sadiq	3 June	16	Al Injaz Sudanese German Specialized Hospital	No data
34	Mohammed Fathi Ali Ibrahim	3 June	13	Armed Forces Hospital (Al-Silah Al-Tibi Hospital - Khartoum)	No data
35	Unidentified Person	3 June	No data	Omdurman Hospital	No data
36	Unidentified Person	3 June	No data	El Mualim Hospital	No data
37	Unidentified Person	3 June	No data	El Mualim Hospital	No data
38	Unidentified Person	3 June	No data	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Gunshot and body was pulled from the Nile
39	Unidentified Person	3 June	No data	Royal Care International Hospital	No data
40	Unidentified Person	3 June	No data	Royal Care International Hospital	No data
41	Unidentified Person	3 June	No data	Sit-in Field Clinic	No data
42	Ahmed Jaafar Mustafa Khogaly	3 June	No data	Sit-in Field Clinic	No post mortem was done
43	Awad Said Atayia	3 June	No data	Al Droshab	Gunshot and body was pulled from the Nile
44	Mahmoud Ahmed Abdelqayoum	3 June	No data	Sit-in Field Clinic	No post mortem was done
45	Yaser	3 June	No data	Sharg Alneel Hospital	Gunshot
46	Al-Wasileh Nader	3 June	No data	Sharg Alneel Hospital	Gunshot
47	Rana Joun (she was pregnant)	3 June	No data	Royal Care International Hospital	Gunshot
48	Mustafa al-Taj Mohammed Othman	4 June	19	Rabak - block 5	Gunshot
49	Burai Adam Yousef	4 June	19	Rabak - block 10	Gunshot
50	Al-Haj Suleiman	4 June	16	Rabak	Gunshot
51	Moaz Abdullah	4 June	20	Rabak - block 3	Gunshot
52	Ayoub Mohammed Abkar	4 June	20	Rabak - block 21	Gunshot
53	Naji Khandouqy Eissa	4 June	8	Rabak - block 5	Gunshot
54	Mohanad Mohammed Fuad	4 June	14	Hilt Koko	Gunshot
55	Haitham Anwar	4 June	15	Royal Care International Hospital	Gunshot
56	Musaab Said Shagheel	4 June	23	Bashair Teaching Hospital	Gunshot
57	Mohammed Abdel Mahmoud Fadel Al-Mawla Said	4 June	32	Best Care Hospital	Gunshot
58	Ezuddin Mohammed Bushra	4 June	41	Bashair Teaching Hospital	Stabbed to death
59	Sadiq al-Haj Ahmed Abkar	4 June	17	Bashair Teaching Hospital	Stabbed to death
60	Omar Mohammed Hussein Bahar	4 June	23	Al-Bagair	Stabbed to death
61	Al-Amin Ismail Al-Amin	4 June	27	Um bada Hospital	Gunshot
62	Hussam Said Al-Yazal	4 June	40	Best Care Hospital	Gunshot
63	Lawal William Pak	4 June	No data	No data	Gunshot
64	Jaddu Mohammed Barka Hamdan	5 June	22	Best Care Hospital	Stabbed to death
65	Mujahed Jumaa Ramadan	5 June	24	Sharg Alneel Hospital	Stabbed to death
66	Mohammed Al-Sir Khamees Ibrahim	5 June	22	Bashair Teaching Hospital	Stabbed to death
67	Amer Adam Yousef Abdelkarim	5 June	17	Bashair Teaching Hospital	Stabbed to death
68	Jumaa Ismail Ahmed Sharafuddin	5 June	35	Bashair Teaching Hospital	Stabbed to death
69	Mohammed Idris al-Fakki Jaddu	5 June	24	Armed Forces Hospital (Al-Silah Al-Tibi Hospital - Khartoum)	Gunshot
70	Baderuddin Rabei Mohammed Ali	5 June	No data	Omdurman Teaching Hospital	Gunshot and body was pulled from the Nile
71	Unidentified Person	5 June	No data	Omdurman Teaching Hospital	Gunshot
72	Unidentified Person	5 June	No data	Omdurman Teaching Hospital	Gunshot
73	Saber al-Tijani Abdurrahman	5 June	No data	No data	Gunshot
74	Al-Nazeer Abdurrahman	5 June	No data	No data	Gunshot
75	Unidentified Person	5 June	No data	Omdurman Teaching Hospital	Gunshot and body was pulled from the Nile (stone was tied to his leg)
76	Yaser Ali Mohammed Abdullah	5 June	No data	Omdurman Teaching Hospital	Gunshot and body was pulled from the Nile (stone was tied to his leg)
77	Unidentified Person	5 June	No data	No data	Gunshot
78	Mujahed Ezuddin Mohammed Naser	5 June	No data	Al-Shifa Hospital	Gunshot
79	Othman Said Ahmed	5 June	No data	No data	Gunshot
80	Mohammed Al-Mujtaba Abdurrahman Daweina	5 June	No data	No data	Gunshot and body was pulled from the Nile
81	Mustafa Suleiman Abdullah Raoumeh	5 June	No data	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Gunshot
82	Ali Fadel Al-Ati Ali	5 June	No data	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Gunshot
83	Ali Saboun Hassan	5 June	No data	Um bada Hospital	Gunshot
84	Sadiq Ibrahim Othman	5 June	No data	Armed Forces Hospital (Al-Silah Al-Tibi Hospital - Khartoum)	Gunshot
85	Unidentified Person	5 June	No data	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Gunshot and body was pulled from the Nile
86	Mohammed Taj al-Sir Mohammed	6 June	No data	Bashair Teaching Hospital	Stabbed to death
87	Abdel Aziz Said Amin	6 June	No data	Sharg Alneel Hospital	Stabbed to death
88	Ghaboush Mubarak Adam	6 June	No data	Um bada	Gunshot
89	Essam Mohammed Noor (Police officer)	7 June	No data	Um bada - killed inside his house	Stabbed to death
90	Amro Anas Mohammed Al-Safi (Child)	8 June	No data	Omdurman	Gunshot
91	Walid Abdurrahman Salem	8 June	37	Bahri	Gunshot
92	Ayman Ousama	9 June	17	Omdurman Teaching Hospital	Gunshot
93	Jaber-Allah Mohammed Muala	7 June	20	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Stabbed to death
94	Al-Maleeh Mohammed Muala	7 June	18	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Stabbed to death
95	Tajuddin al-Awal Darman	7 June	30	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Stabbed to death
96	Mohammed Suleiman Galfour	7 June	No data	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Gunshot
97	Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed	8 June	21	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Gunshot
98	Ibrahim Saleh Omar	8 June	No data	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Stabbed to death
99	Othman Ibrahim Ishaq al-Qouni	10 June	12	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Hit by Machete
100	Al-Hasan	10 June	No data	Royal Care International Hospital	90% burns - 3 June
101	Samuel Emanuel	10 June	No data	No data	No post mortem was done
102	Zamran Hasan Yousef	10 June	21	Omdurman Teaching Hospital Mortuary	Skull crushed
103	Magdy Adam Babaker	10 June	22	Bashair Teaching Hospital	Gunshot
104	Al-Moez Suleiman	10 June	No data	Royal Care International Hospital	Buttstroke with a rifle on the head

 

By Amin abdiftah